The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.